Discover the Science of Movement in Sport

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Wednesday, 08 September 2010 15:30

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Discover the Science of Movement in Sport

It is important to have a good understanding of the application of physics to the sport you participate in. Physical principles such as motion, resistance, momentum, friction, mechanical compensation and injury all play a part in sporting events in some way or other.

Biomechanics is the sport science field that applies the laws of physics and mechanics to human movement. Biomechanical analysis is done in order to gain a greater understanding of performance in athletic events through modeling, simulation and measurement.

When implementing the biomechanics approach to triathlon, it is important to work from a discipline specific “end-product” model i.e. triathlon swimming involves a 300m burst at a very fast pace, followed by good technique at race pace in a state of fatigue and under pressure. The aim in Triathlon cycling is to generate power through the optimal cadence with efficiency. The running leg requires one to run at a fast pace in a state of fatigue, maintaining efficiency.  

In relation to Triathlon, biomechanics contributes to the description, explanation and prediction of the mechanical aspects involved within each of the 3 disciplines, both in a performance and in a recreational setting. It is vitally important to take into account the biomechanical principles of each discipline, be it swimming, cycling or running, when aiming to master the technique.

One should consider the principles of comfort, efficiency, power output, aero-dynamics and injury prevention when attempting this mastery, as there is a fine line that exists between these elements to ultimately achieve optimal performance as the end goal. All 3 disciplines of Triathlon involve bi-lateral and cross-over motion, therefore the aspect of symmetry and good bi-lateral motor coordination are vital i.e. well balanced left to right side contribution and control with as little one-sided dominance possible.

Every individual is unique and adapts to their environment differently and at varying paces; what is comfortable and efficient for one athlete may be impossible for another, i.e. tri-bar aero positioning, high elbow swimming technique, etc.

The level of ability and competence will be the ultimate determining factors as to whether the Triathlete will trade comfort for aerodynamics, or efficiency for power output. As for the beginner-novice, comfort and efficiency are vitally important to complete the race with a smile. For the pro/elite athlete on the other hand, determinants of performance like power output, aerodynamics, sound transition techniques and state of the art equipment is researched and undertaken to shave those seconds off their opponent or to broaden that winning margin.

It is important to start at a young age or at an early stage with uncompromised technique training. Implementing the biomechanics approach and relaying the information to the coach/trainer, will determine what the coach can correct, see and identify at a normal training speed, as inherent technique faults are multiplied and exaggerated at racing pace and under fatigue. Biomechanics and the analysis involved helps the coach determine what he can correct in close relation to what can only be corrected by sound individualistic conditioning and rehabilitation programs.

For any questions, queries or information on this or any other Sport Science releted topic, feel free to contact me - ryan.live2ride@gmail.com